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Application
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Apollo software is unique due to its focus on the application rather than the numerical method. When using Apollo software, designers do not need to know all details of numerical calculations to design a good structures. All details are included in the tool, and user is guided through the design process. This way, the software can be used by wider range of designer even with less mathematical background. For instance, instead of focousing on a method Like BPM, it concentrate on the application such as coupler. Based on the designer requiremnet, one of the numerical method will be offered, say BPM, FDTD, CBPM, BPM+FDTD...
The followings are a few examples to explain the capabilities of Apollo Software: - Planner Waveguide
- Ring Resonator Design
- Photonic Integrated Circuit Design
- Array Waveguide Grating Design
- Waveguide gratings
- Fiber gratings
- Circularly asymmetric fiber
- Circularly symmetric fiber
Planner Waveguide
To design planner waveguides, Waveguide Module of Apollo Photonics Solutions Suite (APSS) is a powerful and efficient tool. The waveguide could be generated easily through the built-in waveguide wizard for commonly used structure, such as channel and ridge waveguides, and none-conventional structures could be created by user-defined editor. The powerful mode solvers built inside the APSS waveguide module calculates fundamental or high order modes, guided or leaky modes of straight or bent waveguide with arbitrary structure and arbitrary index profile. In addition to all those modal parameters, such as mode profile, effective index, dispersion, the APSS waveguide module also provides several handy and useful applications, such as near/far-fields and coupling from one waveguide to another waveguide.
Example: Multi-layer Ridge Waveguide Bending Mode
Ring Resonator Design
Ring resonator is one of the challenging structures in Photonic devices. Such a structure can be easily created by a powerful device editor in Apollo Photonics Solutions Suite (APSS) . Using variables in the structure definition, designer can scan parameters of the structure for optimization purpose.
In general, FDTD has to be used for ring resonators and the simulation become impossible for large complex structure. The Circuit Module of the APSS decomposes the large complex structure into a number of small simple structures and simulates them separately by different methods. In some case, FDTD is unnecessary and more efficient method, such as BPM and CBPM can be used.
Example: Single ring resonator
Example: Double ring resonator
Photonic Integrated Circuit Design
Designing a photonic circuit involves several stages of design. The object oriented design flow (OODF) of Apollo Photonics Solutions Suite (APSS) is a great help to designer to carefully design the critical part of their desgn. It also helps them to investigate their design in different stages.
The Circuit Module of the APSS, the first-ever photonic integrated circuit, decomposes a large complex structure into a number of small simple structures and simulates them separately by different methods. Different method is also available in simulation of circuit component for either fast or accurate analysis.
Example: Add-Drop filter using Mach-Zender Interferometer and grating
Array Waveguide Grating Design
Array waveguide grating (AWG) is one of the complex photonic componenets. This component cannot be simulated by regular numerical method like BPM or FDTD. Apollo offers a fast and accurate tools to design and analyze AWG. To to its complexity of the structure, a lot of design knowledge has been built inside the tool to help user in the design process. In terms of simulation, each piece of the structure is analyzed by a special method to achive more accurate results. There are several methods for fast or accurate analysis.
Example: 1x64 AWG
Example: Tapered AWG
Waveguide gratings
Waveguide grating can be handled by the Device Module of the Apollo Photonics Solutions Suite (APSS) . When the grating period is fixed, such as Bragg grating, a structure with a few period can be created. Then by using the Circuit Module of the APSS, users can design a long grating by cascading a number of short gratings designed by the Device Module. In general, any type of grating can be created in APSS platform. The PSS user interface provides a powerful tool for creatin of any types of gratings.
Example: Co-directional grating assisted coupler
Example: Contra-directional Bragg reflector
Fiber gratings
Fiber gratings can be easily designed and simulated by using Fiber Optical Grating Simulator (FOGS). FOGS can handle arbitrary chirp and apodization and provides complete results, such as power spectra, dispersion,...
Emaple: Pulse suppression by chirped fiber gratings
Circularly asymmetric fiber
For those fibers without circular symmetry, such as panda fiber and photonic crystal fiber (PCF), Waveguide Module of the Apollo Photonics Solutions Suite (APSS) could be used. There is no restriction on structural symmetry and the APSS can handle waveguide structure with arbitrary 2D cross-section. Similar to the FOMS, the waveguide modele of APSS also gives all kinds of modal parameters.
Example: Photonic crystal fiber
Circularly symmetric fiber
Circularly symmetric fibers can be designed by using the Fiber Optical Mode Solver (FOMS) . The FOMS could handle multi-cladding fiber with arbitrary index profile, step or graded index. It gives users all modal parameters, such as modal profile, effective area, effective index, group delay, dispersion, dispersion slope, and universal dispersion. In addition, it also gives micro-bending loss and macro-bending loss, as well as splicing loss.
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